This article first appeared in the AKC Gazette.
Written by Marianne Sullivan

Three additional characteristics of temperament are:

  • Adaptability-can your dog adjust to changes in routine without becoming unduly stressed? Breeders can observe how puppies adapt to new surroundings in moves from whelping box to a larger area, and to the first time out-of-doors.
  • Distractibility-when interacting one on one, does the dog fully engage in the activity?
  • Persistence-faced with an obstacle does your Collie try to solve the problem, for example, go around a gate, climb over a barrier, or give up easily?

During temperament evaluation, besides specific test results, look for a relaxed, curious, playful attitude as an indication of confidence. Those that are fearful or hesitant either did not have proper exposure to different environments before testing or have inherent temperament traits.

Temperament and intelligence are two separate components, but one can certainly affect the expression of the other. Surprisingly, researchers have only recently begun to study intelligence in dogs. We know that dogs love to cooperate with humans. Dogs can make inferences and remember them for a long time. Research shows that as early as six weeks puppies understand human expression such as finger pointing and looking at objects. Unlike our near relatives, the apes, when a human points, our dogs know where to look.

As we gain greater understanding of our dogs’ intelligence we have a new appreciation and respect for what they are capable of. Like Chaser, the Border Collie who can identify 1,000 individual toys by name and bring them when asked. Temperament defines our breed as surely as head, coat, or type. Collies with proper temperament and intelligence make better show dogs, better family companions, and better performance dogs. Confident dogs with proper education and socialization can handle stress and enjoy cooperating with their human counterparts. They are fun to live with!

Intelligence is not accidental; researchers have proven that Border Collie breeders, for example, choose for the intelligence gene by selective breeding. Not only can you lose it if you don’t use it, but you can lose it if you don’t select for it! However, when you select for intelligence you then have certain responsibilities. Smart, intelligent dogs who have a strong desire to be with their humans are more demanding of attention and activity. A breeder might inadvertently select away from these traits if an individual is dissatisfied or a troublemaker due to boredom. The bright, active dog who can’t tolerate kennel life is then sold and removed from the gene pool. Breeders that have bred for intelligence understand that their dogs need more opportunities for activity, toys, and especially social interaction with humans. And the dogs need owners (and breeders) who accept the responsibility to train and engage with their dog.

We are all familiar with the sweet Collie couch potato as the family dog. This type may perfectly suit inexperienced dog owners or those who simply want an undemanding family companion. When breeders and prospective owners understand that Collies come with different temperaments, activity levels, and intelligence, then they have a better opportunity to match human expectations with their ideal Collie.